2023-06-09
A trocar is a medical device that is made up of an awl (which may be a metal or plastic with a pointed or tapered tip), a cannula (essentially a hollow tube), and a seal. Trocars are placed through the abdomen during laparoscopic surgery and function as a portal for the subsequent placement of other instruments, such as graspers, scissors, staplers, etc. Trocars also allow the escape of gas or fluid from organs within the body.
The word trocar comes from French trocart, trois-quarts (three-fourths), from trois ‘three’ and carre ‘side, face of an instrument’. Originally, doctors used trocars to relieve pressure build-up of fluids (edema) or gases (bloating). Patents for trocars appeared early in the 19th century, although their use dated back possibly thousands of years.
There are two types of trocars: reusable and disposable. Reusable trocars come with two different types of tips – conical and pyramidal. The advantage of using a reusable trocar is that it provides hospitals with a cost-effective alternative to disposable trocars. However, one disadvantage is that the tips may become dull over time, requiring more manual energy for the trocar insertion.
Disposable trocars are intended for use on a single patient and are subsequently disposed of. Some single-use trocars offer greater patient safety due to the technique used to insert them. Some advantages of laparoscopic disposable trocars include their ergonomic design which offers increased comfort and better control. And minimizes the risk of accidental injury. The disposable trocars allows for the greatest synergy between hand and trocar for penetrating the abdominal wall, has a wider visual scope, and eliminates inadvertent closure of the gas inflation valve due to colliding with the abdominal wall.
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